Abstract

Objective: To assess the efficacy of standard percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) in patients with large upper ureteric stones.

Materials and methods: Between September 2009 and March 2011, 27 patients underwent standard PNL for renal stones or large upper ureteric stones. The stones were located between the ureteropelvic junction and 4th lumbar vertebra. Stone burden, success rate, operating time, access, hemoglobin drop, analgesic requirement, serum creatinine level, hospital stay, and complications were evaluated. 

Results: The mean stone burden was 374.1 mm2 and the operating time was 73.3 min. The total success rate was 85.1%. Single access was used in 26 (96.2%) patients and a second access was necessary in 1 (3.8%) patient. Access was achieved to the upper, middle, and lower calix in 3 (10.7%), 21 (75%), and 4(14.3%) patients, respectively. The pre- and postoperative serum creatinine levels were 1.0±0.2 and 1.1±0.3 mg/dL, respectively (p>0.05). The mean hemoglobin decrease was 2.1 mg/dL, analgesic requirement was 230.7 mg, and hospital stay was 2.3 days. The total complication rate was 29.6%. Open surgery was required in 1 (3.7%) patient. The blood transfusion rate was 11.1%. Fever (>38.5°C), pelvic perforation, and prolonged urinary drainage were seen in 2 (7.4%), 1 (3.7%), and 1 (3.7%) patient, respectively. Auxiliary procedures were needed in 4 (14.9%) patients (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 2, and ureteroscopy and double J stenting in 1 patient each). 

Conclusion: PNL is still a reasonable procedure for treating large upper ureteric stones, and it can be performed safely with a favorable outcome in experienced hands.