Abstract

Locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy, also known as radiorecurrent prostate cancer, has an unfavorable prognosis. Two-thirds of patients with radiorecurrent prostate cancer have an advanced pathological disease status by the time they undergo salvage therapy. Several salvage therapies for radiorecurrent prostate cancer are available. Salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) and salvage cryoablation are the most feasible and effective therapies for radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Although SRP is technically more difficult and has a higher complication rate than do other salvage therapies, the procedure provides a long-term survival benefit. Preliminary studies of salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (SRARP) suggest that SRARP may be similar to or at least as effective as SRP. The intermediate oncological efficacy and morbidity of salvage cryoablation are similar to those of SRP. Prognostic factors for successful salvage therapy include serum prostate-specific antigen level ≤10 ng/mL, Gleason score ≤8, and a clinical disease stage T1c or T2. Assessing the comparative oncological efficacy and complications of the available salvage therapies for radiorecurrent prostate cancer requires strict guidelines, including universal patient selection criteria and an intergrade definition of biochemical failure.